COVID in Nursing Homes: A Call to Repentance: A Journal of Bible and Theology

This essay details the author's experiences as a medical director at Canterbury Rehabilitation and Healthcare Center in Richmond, Virginia, the first nursing home to have a COVID-19 outbreak in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It explores how the deaths of his patients challenged his faith and raised issues of theodicy. Ultimately, the author does not ask for an explanation of evil, but urges us to examine our culpability and our responsibility, then listen to Jesus's call to repentance (Luke 13:1–5). In the end, our light, as weak as it is, must persist in the darkness.

Dinin Salgın Hastalık Dönemlerindeki Eğitsel Rolü: Covid-19 Pandemisi Özelinde Bir Araştırma

Din, insanın gündelik hayatında duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarına yön veren ilahi ilkeler bütünüdür. Dini inancın insanlar üzerindeki etkisi her zaman kendini göstermiştir. Hayatın olumsuz şartlarında insanların verdiği tepkilerin dini kaynaklı olup olmadığı ise merak edilen bir husustur. 2020 yılı itibariyle küresel tehdit haline gelen Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde insanların salgın hastalığa karşı geliştirdikleri reaksiyonlar ve bu reaksiyonların dini boyutu bu çalışmanın özellikle üzerinde durduğu konulardır. 2019 yılında Çin'in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan coronavirüs salgını dünya genelinde sağlıktan sosyal hayata, ekonomiden eğitim hayatına pek çok gelişmeler ve değişimler meydana getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın asıl üzerinde durduğu konu ise insanların hastalık sürecindeki yaşayışlarında dinin etki derecesini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bunun için hastalık sürecindeki insanların yaşayışının daha önce almış oldukları din eğitimiyle ne düzeyde şekillendiği sorusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışma, pandemi döneminde hasta insanların yaşayışındaki değişmelerle alınan din eğitiminin etkisinin ne düzeyde olduğunun kendi görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hastalığa yakalanmış 20 kişi ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Salgın hastalık döneminde insan yaşayışındaki değişimlerin alınan din eğitimiyle birlikte düşünülerek onların hayatlarında bir farklılığın oluşup oluşmadığını öğrenmek için çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim (Fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde hastaların hastalık sürecinde kendi dini yetkinliklerini sorguladıkları ve daha öncesinde almış olduğu din eğitiminin yeterliliği üzerinde sorgulamalarda bulundukları tespit edilmiştir.Alternate : Religion is a set of divine principles that direct people's feelings, thoughts and behaviors in their daily life. The effect of religious belief on people has always been manifested. It is a question of whether the reactions of people in adverse conditions of life are religious or not. During the Covid-19 pandemic, which has become a global threat as of 2020, the reactions people develop against the epidemic and the religious dimension of these reactions are the issues that this study particularly emphasizes. The coronavirus epidemic that emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 has brought many developments and changes from health to social life, from economy to education life worldwide. The main subject of this study is to reveal the effect of religion on people's lives during the disease process. For this purpose, the question of how much the life of people in the disease process was shaped by the religious education they had previously received was emphasized. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of religious education on the changes in the lives of sick people during the pandemic period, based on their own views. For this purpose, interviews were made with 20 people who had the disease. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study to find out whether the changes in human life during the epidemic period caused a difference in their lives in particular with religious education. The data were analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the patients question their religious competencies during the illness and question the adequacy of the religious education they had previously received.

The Penutupan Sementara Masjid, Surau, Balai Ibadat dan Pembukaan Tempat Awam Lainnya: Analisis Maqasid Syariah dalam Fatwa dan Irsyad Hukum Negara Brunei Darussalam

Negara Brunei Darussalam adalah antara negara Islam yang mengarahkan masjid-masjid, surau-surau dan balai ibadat ditutup sementara apabila kes jangkitan pertama tempatan Covid-19 dilaporkan di negara tersebut pada 3 Mac 2020. Pada 7 Ogos 2021, setelah 457 hari bebas dari kes jangkitan tempatan, Brunei Darussalam ditimpa gelombang kedua covid-19 apabila 5 kes jangkitan tempatan dilaporkan. Oleh sebab itu, kerajaan Negara Brunei Darussalam mengambil keputusan untuk sekali lagi menutup sementara masjid-masjid dan seumpamanya. Dalam tempoh penutupan tersebut, terdapat persoalan di kalangan masyarakat mengapa masjid dan seumpamanya ditutup sedangkan tempat-tempat awam lain seperti kedai dan sebagainya dibuka. Sehubungan itu, objektif pertama kajian ini ialah, menghuraikan adakah terdapat percanggahan dalam penutupan masjid, surau, balai ibadat dan pembukaan tempat-tempat awam lain di Negara Brunei Darussalam dengan Maqasid Syariah. Kedua, menganalisis kewujudan Maqasid Syariah dalam Fatwa Mufti Kerajaan dan Irsyad Hukum Jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei Darussalam yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan tersebut. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metodologi kepustakaan dalam mengumpulkan maklumat daripada buku, jurnal dan sebagainya. Seterusnya analisis kandungan Fatwa Mufti Kerajaan dan Irsyad Hukum dijalankan bagi mengeluarkan dapatan kajian. Antara dapatan kajian ini ialah: Melalui analisis tersebut, tidak ada percanggahan dalam penutupan masjid, surau, balai ibadat dan pembukaan tempat-tempat awam di Negara Brunei Darussalam dengan Maqasid Syariah. Brunei Darussalam is one of the Muslim countries which ordered mosques, suraus and prayer halls to be temporarily closed when the first local cases of Covid-19 was reported on 3rd March 2020. After four hundred and fifty-seven (457) days without any local cases of COVID-19, on 7 August 2021 Brunei Darussalam was hit by a second wave of Covid-19 when five (5) local cases were recorded. Once more, the government ordered the temporary closure of mosques and other similar places. Within the temporary closure, an issue was raised from the public, why mosques are closed while other public places such as shops are opened. As a result, the primary objective of this study is to find whether the temporary closure of mosques, suraus, prayer halls and the opening of other public places contradicts the objectives of the Shariah (Maqasid Shariah). The second objective is to analyze Maqasid Shariah in the Fatwa of the State Mufti and Irshad Hukum of Brunei Darussalam relating to the issue. This study is a qualitative research which relies on library research by collecting data and information from books, journals and other references. Content analysis of the State Mufti's Fatwa and Irshad Hukum is made to get the findings of the research. The results of this study can be concluded that the State Mufti's Fatwa and Irshad Hukum relating to the temporary closure of mosques and the opening of other public places does not contradict Maqasid Shariah.

Sorotan Literatur Kesedaran Wanita Bekerjaya Tentang Hak-Hak Selepas Perceraian

Wanita berkerjaya adalah salah satu komponen yang penting dalam institusi keluarga, komuniti, dan negara. Tidak semua wanita berpeluang mengecap kesejahteraan sebagai suri rumahtangga dan juga tanggungjawab di tempat kerja. Ada wanita yang terpaksa melepaskan salah satu peranan tersebut bagi meneruskan kelangsungan hidup dan memilih perceraian. Kes-kes perceraian di Malaysia dilaporkan meningkat dalam tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) akibat pandemik Covid-19. Dalam kepedihan melalui proses perceraian itu, ada wanita dilihat seolah tidak mempedulikan hak-hak selepas perceraian yang sepatut menjadi miliknya sama ada secara sengaja atau tidak menyedarinya. Artikel ini bertujuan membentangkan analisis sorotan literatur berkaitan isu kesedaran wanita berkerjaya tentang hak-hak selepas perceraian. Pendekatan analisis kandungan secara perbandingan telah digunakan dalam menggabung jalinkan sumber-sumber literatur yang diperolehi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa semua hak wanita selepas perceraian telah disusun kemas termaktub dalam Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam setiap negeri. Namun terdapat segelintir wanita yang kurang kesedaran untuk menuntut semua hak yang layak untuknya di atas pelbagai faktor. Hasil analisis juga mendapati kebanyakan hasil penulisan tidak mengaitkan kesan positif yang terhasil apabila kesedaran itu wujud kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam perceraian. Oleh itu kajian lanjut untuk melihat kesan positif daripada kesedaran wanita tentang hak-hak selepas perceraian amat wajar dilaksanakan. Working women are one of the essential components of family, community, and national institutions. Not all women have the opportunity to taste well -being as a housewife and also responsibilities in the workplace. There are women who have had to give up one of those roles in order to survive and choose divorce. Divorce cases in Malaysia were reported to have increased during the Movement Control Order (PKP) period due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the agony of going through the divorce process, some women are seen as disregarding the rights after a divorce that should have belonged to them either intentionally or unknowingly. This article aims to present an analysis of the literature highlights related to the issue of awareness of career women about rights after divorce. A comparative content analysis approach has been used in combining the interweaving of the literature sources obtained. The results of the analysis show that all women's rights after divorce have been neatly enshrined in the Islamic Family Law Enactment of each state. Yet there are a handful of women who lack the awareness to claim all the rights they deserve on a variety of factors. The results of the analysis also found that most of the writing results did not relate the positive effects that resulted when the awareness existed to the parties involved in the divorce. Therefore further studies to see the positive effects of women's awareness of post-divorce rights are highly desirable.

Amalan Sulh dalam Norma Baharu di Brunei dan Malaysia

Pertikaian antara suami dan isteri merupakan suatu perkara yang tidak dapat dielakkan dalam sebuah ikatan perkahwinan. Penyelesaian terhadap pertikaian ini tertakluk kepada budi bicara kedua belah pihak yang terlibat sama ada dengan perbincangan tertutup antara kedua belah pihak sahaja atau dihadapkan ke mahkamah Syariah jika tiada kata perdamaian dicapai dalam proses pra-bicara tuntutan yang dihadapkan iaitu majlis Sulh. Dari segi perundangan, proses Sulh akan dijalankan dalam tempoh yang telah ditetapkan oleh mahkamah Rendah Syariah dan diadakan sesi perjumpaan secara fizikal yang terdiri daripada kedua pihak yang bertikai dan pegawai Sulh sahaja. Sejak pandemik Covid-19 menular di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2020, majoriti aktiviti secara fizikal tidak dapat dilaksanakan dan diganti dengan aktiviti secara atas talian. Proses majlis Sulh juga tidak ketinggalan menghadapi situasi tersebut. Semenjak menularnya covid-19 proses majlis Sulh hanya boleh diadakan secara atas talian demi menjaga kemaslahatan dari segi kesihatan semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses majlis Sulh tersebut. Justeru kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk meninjau kelancaran perjalanan proses majlis Sulh di Brunei Darussalam dan Malaysia sama ada ia berjalan dengan lancar dalam norma baharu dan mencapai objektif majlis Sulh. Metodologi kajian adalah secara kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis dokumen dan statistik. Melalui analisis dokumen, data yang diperoleh dari bahan bertulis akan diteliti, dihurai dan dianalisa. Analisis dilakukan dengan meneliti maklumat data sekunder terutama penulisan, jurnal dan artikel. Kajian mendapati faktor penularan pandemik tidak menjejaskan proses majlis Sulh yang secara lazimnya dilaksanakan secara fizikal atau bersemuka, bahkan majlis Sulh tetap boleh dijalankan dengan lancar secara atas talian sebagaimana proses lazimnya. Perdamaian adalah jalan terbaik bagi kedua belah pihak yang bertikai demi menjaga kemaslahatan ahli keluarga yang lain khususnya anak-anak, seterusnya akan mengurangkan kes-kes penceraian di era pandemik. A dispute between a husband and wife is an inevitable affair in a marriage bond. The settlement of the dispute is subject to the discretion of the two parties either with closed discussions between the two parties only or before the Syariah court if no reconciliation is reached in a pre-hearing process of claim that is brought before the Sulh council. Legally, the Sulh process will be conducted within the period stipulated by the Syariah Subordinate Court and physical meetings will be held consisting of both the disputed parties and Sulh officers only. Since the Covid-19 pandemic spread worldwide in 2020, most physical activity could not conduct and replaced online activities. The Sulh council process is also not left out in the situation. Since the spread of covid-19 pandemic the Sulh council process can only be held online to safeguard the health of all parties involved in the Sulh council process. Hence, this study was carried out to review the process of sulh council process in Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia whether it runs smoothly in the new norms and achieves the objectives of the Sulh council. Qualitative and descriptive research methodology is used in this study in applying document and statistical analysis techniques. Through document analysis, data obtained from written materials will be examined, elaborated, and analyzed. Analysis is done by examining secondary data information especially writing, journals and articles. The pandemic contagion does not affect the Sulh council process which is usually carried out physically or face-to-face, even the Sulh ceremony can still be conducted online as usual. Reconciliation is the best way for both parties who are in dispute to protect the welfare of family members, especially children.

Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Ílahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Hakkındaki Görüşleri

Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde, Ílahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşleri ve karşılaştıkları problemleri ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu çalışmada, karma yöntem benimsenmiş olup, yakınsayan paralel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini 2020-2021 öğretim yılı Bahar döneminde Harran Üniversitesi Ílahiyat Fakültesi'nde okuyan yaklaşık 1700 öğrenci oluştururken, araştırma örneklemini ise bu grubu temsilen 447 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaşadıkları yerin, kullandıkları cihazın, internet bağlantı türü ve imkânlarının, uzaktan eğitime bakışlarını olumlu veya olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda genel olarak katılımcılar, uzaktan eğitimin;zamandan ve mekândan bağımsız olarak derslere katılabilmeye fırsat sunması, zamandan tasarruf sağlaması, ulaşım probleminin ortadan kalkması, ekonomik olması ve ders kayıtlarının tekrar izlenebilmesine imkân vermesi yönlerini olumlu görmektedir. Katılımcılar tarafından uzaktan eğitimin olumsuz görünen tarafları ise;internet bağlantısının kopması, elektrik kesintisi vb. sorunlar, derslerden yüz yüze eğitim kadar verim alınamaması, sınavların yüz yüze eğitime oranla daha zorlayıcı olması, öğrenci-hoca etkileşiminin sınırlı olması, uzaktan eğitimin sosyalleşme bakımından sınırlı olması, öğrenciyi pasif kılması, yeterince motive olamama olarak belirtilmiştir.Alternate : This study aims to reveal the views of theology students regarding distance education and the problems they encounter during the Covid-19 pandemic. The mixed method has been adopted and a convergent parallel design has been used. While the research population consists of approximately 1700 students studying at the Faculty of Theology of Harran University in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year, the research sample consists of 447 students representing this group. Questionnaire was used as data collection tool. It has been observed that the kind of settlement where the participants live, the device that they use, the internet connection type and opportunities affect the views of participants on distance learning as positively or negatively. As a result of the research, the participants generally stated that distance education provides the opportunity to attend classes regardless of time and place, saves time, eliminates transportation problems, is economical and allows the course recordings to be watched again. The negative aspects of distance education by the participants are internet disconnection, power outage, etc., being inefficient of distance education as face-to-face education, being exams more challenging than face-to-face education, limited student-teacher interaction, limited socialization, making students passive, not being motivated enough.

Analysis of Woman Fiqh Jihad Based on Selected Malaysian Woman Extremism Cases

Human being has experienced several series of pandemics throughout life‘s history. The serious impacts of the pandemic are experiencing towards different sectors include threatening global food security. The consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak have affected people's productivity in daily life. The disruptive effect gives a major strike on the food supply chain which is one of the most vital areas of the economy. Prior to the outbreak of Covid 19, this paper will be discussing the factors and effects of the pandemic on global food security. Due to the income decline, it leads to difficulty accessing healthy and nutritious food. Implementation of Movement Control Order (MCO) has affected the agriculture productivity sector as well. At the early stage of the pandemic, panic buying becomes a new trend among the consumers to ensure the food supply keeps available. The declination of purchasing power is another effect, particularly from the low-income community. The risk of virus infection is reported to be high among the food supply chain workers due to negligence towards Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Lastly, this pandemic also affected mostly community dietary routine patterns. To write this paper, the researchers are genuinely depending on the secondary sources from recent academic journals and trusted websites to vast up the discussion. It is hoped that this paper provides good ideas for other researchers to vast up another scope of discussion in the future.

Analisis Hukum terhadap Limitasi Pelaksanaan Solat di Masjid Era COVID-19

Islam has taught and emphasised greatly on unity and solidarity among Muslims. This matter has become part of the agenda in various activities of Muslims;including in the matters of worship or ritual practices. The ultimate reason for performing prayers in the mosque, whether for Friday prayers or obligatory prayers, is to develop the unity of the ummah and revealing Islamic teachings. However, the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon that has hit the world today requires that the implementation of prayers in mosques be studied and refined by putting in appropriate procedures and limitations to curb the spread of this epidemic. The inconsistency in terms of procedures between states in the implementation of Friday prayers and congregational prayers in mosques also invites disputes among the community. Thus, this paper will examine and analyse the procedures and limitations of the implementation from the aspect of Islamic law, based on current situation. This study uses a qualitative method through a content analysis approach and the primary source used is fatwa documents which related to the issues studied both at the national and state levels. In fact, these primary sources were analysed with a comparative approach. As a result, the findings of the study found that the differences in the setting of procedures and limitations issued by the state authorities regarding Friday prayers and congregational prayers in mosques are common and have specific justifications based on Islamic law. The only difference is in the matter of furu 'which is allowed in Islam. It is hoped that the analysis and details made through this paper will improve the negative perceptions of the public towards religious institutions in the country. In fact, hopefully this paper will be a benchmark for scholars in the field of Islamic studies to support and enhance the knowledge in the contemporary fiqh as well as to give a clear opinion for the questions and problems faced by Muslims nowadays. Ajaran Islam amat menitikberatkan soal kesatuan dan perpaduan dalam kalangan umat Islam. Perkara ini menjadi sebahagian agenda dalam pelbagai aktiviti umat Islam termasuklah dalam urusan ibadah atau amalan ritual. Tuntutan kepada pelaksanaan solat di masjid sama ada bagi solat Jumaat mahupun solat fardu adalah bertujuan untuk membina kesatuan umat dan menzahirkan syiar Islam. Namun, fenomena pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda dunia hari ini menuntut agar pelaksanaan solat di masjid dikaji dan diperhalusi dengan meletakkan prosedur dan limitasi sewajarnya bagi membendung penularan wabak ini. Ketidakseragaman dari sudut prosedur antara negeri dalam pelaksanaan solat Jumaat dan solat berjemaah di masjid juga mengundang pertikaian dalam kalangan masyarakat. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan meneliti dan menganalisis terhadap prosedur dan limitasi pelaksanaannya dari aspek syarak berasaskan realiti semasa. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui pendekatan analisis kandungan. Sumber primer yang digunakan adalah dokumen fatwa yang dikeluarkan berkaitan isu dikaji sama di peringkat kebangsaan mahupun negeri. Sumber primer ini dianalisis dengan pendekatan komparatif. Hasilnya, dapatan kajian mendapati perbezaan dalam penetapan prosedur dan limitasi yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berkuasa negeri berhubung solat Jumaat dan solat berjemaah di masjid adalah berasas dan mempunyai sandaran serta justifikasi kukuh berpandukan hukum syarak. Perbezaan hanyalah dalam perkara furu' yang dibenarkan dalam Islam. Diharapkan, kupasan dan perincian yang dibuat melalui kertas kerja ini akan memperbaiki persepsi negatif masyarakat awam terhadap institusi keagamaan di negera ini. Malah, kertas kerja ini diharap menjadi batu asas untuk sarjana dalam bidang pengajian Islam memperkayakan khazanah fiqh kontemporari bagi merungkai persoalan dan permasalahan semasa yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam.

Aplikasi Fiqh al-Awlawiyyat dalam Menangani Isu Covid-19: Analisis Terhadap Isu yang Terpilih

Pandemik Covid-19 di Malaysia telah menyebabkan hampir keseluruhan amalan kehidupan seharian masyarakat berubah. Hal ini kerana dengan adanya Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pihak yang bertanggungjawab dalam menjaga dan memelihara kemaslahatan awam seperti pemakaian pelitup muka, larangan menunaikan solat jemaah di masjid, pemakaian perlindungan diri (PPE) bagi petugas-petugas barisan hadapan dan sebagainya. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk membincangkan tentang pengaplikasian fiqh al-awlāwiyyāt dalam isu terpilih yang berkaitan dengan Covid-19. Metodologi kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes. Seterusnya, kaedah dokumentasi dilakukan berdasarkan kepada maklumat sekunder yang diperolehi daripada media massa, kitab-kitab agama serta lama sesawang. Kajian ini juga hanya tertumpu kepada beberapa isu yang terpilih sahaja. Analisis data telah mendapati bahawa, fiqh al-awlāwiyyāt telah diaplikasikan dalam penetapan dan pengeluaran hukum yang juga berdasarkan kepada qawaid fiqhiyyah dan maqāṣid syari'ah. Hal ini kerana setiap hukum yang diputuskan mestilah melihat keadaan atau adat sesuatu tempat. Maka, apabila berlakunya perubahan seperti negara dilanda wabak dan sebagainya, terdapat pelbagai hukum yang berubah selari dengan kemaslahatan awam. Ketetapan yang telah diputuskan oleh Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam telah menunjukkan bahawa kepentingan menjaga kemaslahatan awam semasa berlakunya sesuatu wabak. Masyarakat juga memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan wabak ini dapat dibendung dan mengurangkan risiko jangkitan virus tersebut. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini telah dapat menyimpulkan bahawa pengaplikasian fiqh al-awlāwiyyāt dalam sesuatu permasalahan ketika dilanda wabak adalah sangat penting dan memerlukan kepada penelitian yang mendalam. The Covid-19 pandemic in Malaysia has caused almost the entire practice of daily life of the community to change. This is because of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that have been implemented by those responsible for maintaining and preserving public welfare such as wearing face masks, ban on performing congregational prayers in mosques, wearing personal protection (PPE) for front line officers, and so on. The purpose of this study is to discuss the application of fiqh al-awlawiyyāt in the selected issues related to Covid-19. This qualitative researh methodolody uses a case study design. Next, the documentation method is based on the secondary information that has been obtained from the religious book, web pages, mass media and so on. Data analysis has found that fiqh al-awlawiyyāt has been applied in the setting and issuing laws which are also based on qawaid fiqhiyyah and maqāṣid al-shariah.This is because before the fatwa or every law issued, the panel must look at the circumstances or customs of a place. So, when there is a change such as a country hit by an epidemic and so on, there are various laws that change in line with the public interest. The ruling that has been decided by the Muzakarah of the Islamic Religious Affairs Committee has shown that the importance of safeguarding the public interest during an epidemic. The community also plays an important role in ensuring that the epidemic can be curbed and reduce the risk of infection with the virus. Therefore, this study has been able to conclude that the application of al-awlawiyyāt in a problem when hit by an epidemic is very important and requires in-depth research.

Theological Reflections on the Pandemic: A Journal of Bible and Theology

As a response to communities of faith that are trying to make sense of the COVID-19 pandemic, this essay explores biblical traditions about "chaos” represented by primordial waters and monsters that disturb the created order. The essay begins with a summary of three biblical portrayals of chaos: chaos as integral to the created world, chaos as mystery, and chaos intensified by human rebellion. The discussion then weighs divine sovereignty and human responsibility and accepts that chaos is a part of life that challenges humans to work to make this world a better place. Among many possible responses to the chaos presented by the pandemic, this article will focus on lament, fear and trust, and repentance.

Faith, Hope, and Love in the Time of COVID: A Journal of Bible and Theology

This essay is a reflection on COVID-19 in the United States, specifically in the state of Alabama, and among marginalized populations with whom I work. Past generations have demonstrated living in faith, hope, and love in the midst of and despite great suffering and turmoil. This essay includes my thoughts about how faith manifests itself individually and corporately and raises ongoing questions about how believers may promote radical change and confront societal inequities—especially in light of COVID-19.

"A Plague Broke Out among Them”: Reflections on the Bible and the Pandemic: A Journal of Bible and Theology

This essay seeks to utilize ideas and texts found in the Hebrew Bible in order to historically contextualize the COVID-19 pandemic and to illuminate various existential, religious, political, and ethical issues raised by the current pandemic and our responses to it.

The Healing Christ in Pandemics: Then and Now: A Journal of Bible and Theology

The context of illness, plagues, and healing in early Christianity and late antiquity was a factor in the growth and expansion of early Christianity. The most prominent early images from early Christian art depict Christ healing. This essay will examine the historical context of plagues and the Christian response to show how the healing Christ affected the security of Christian ascendency. From this study, the essay offers insight into our present pandemic context of COVID-19 and evaluates the religious response.

Komposisi Nutrien Susu Ibu, Imunologi dan COVID-19

Breast milk is the best food that a mother can give to a newborn baby up to the first six months of age. The purpose of this writing is to provide information on the nutrient content found in breast milk, the antibodies involved in helping reduce the infection of COVID-19 and how to breastfeed. The composition of breast milk will change according to the nutrient needs of the baby at every moment. The enzyme content in breast milk will help digestion and the nutrient content can prevent the baby from getting infections that cannot be replaced by formula milk. Antibodies or immunoglobulins are proteins produced by cells in the body's immune system to fight allergens, bacteria, and viruses that cause disease. The body has different types of antibodies such as IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE. Newborns have immunoglobulins from the placenta. This immunoglobulin will quickly decrease immediately after the baby is born, while the newborn baby's body is not yet able to form the immunoglobulin. This condition will decrease when the baby gets breast milk. This is because breast milk contains a high level of secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies (sIgA) that will protect babies from various bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections. Antibodies help the body's immune system recognize and destroy pathogens such as COVID-19. All mothers who recover from COVID-19 have antibodies to COVID-19 in their milk. These antibodies are very good at fighting diseases that attack the lining of the lungs such as COVID-19. Women with COVID-19 can breastfeed and the virus cannot be detected in breast milk. Safe breastfeeding involves following good respiratory hygiene, skin-to-skin contact for newborns, sharing a room with their baby, washing hands before and after touching the baby, and keeping all surfaces clean. Susu ibu merupakan makanan terbaik yang dapat diberikan ibu kepada bayi yang baru lahir sehingga usia enam bulan pertama. Tujuan penulisan ini memberikan informasi mengenai kandungan nutrien yang terdapat dalam susu ibu, antibodi yang terlibat membantu menurunkan jangkitan COVID-19 dan cara penyusuannya. Komposisi susu ibu akan berubah sesuai dengan keperluan nutrien bayi pada setiap saat. Kandungan enzim dalam susu ibu akan membantu pencernaan dan kandungan nutrien pula mampu mencegah bayi mendapat infeksi yang sememangnya tidak boleh diganti oleh susu formula. Antibodi atau immunoglobulin adalah protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel dalam sistem imuniti tubuh untuk melawan alergen, bakteria, serta virus penyebab penyakit. Tubuh memiliki pelbagai jenis antibodi seperti IgA, IgG, IgM, dan IgE. Bayi yang baru dilahirkan mempunyai immunoglobulin daripada plasenta. Immunoglobulin ini akan cepat menurun segera setelah bayi dilahirkan, sedangkan tubuh bayi yang baru lahir belum mampu membentuk immunoglobulin tersebut. Keadaan ini akan berkurangan apabila bayi mendapatkan susu ibu. Hal ini kerana susu ibu mengandungi kadar antibodi immunoglobulin A rembesan (sIgA) yang tinggi yang akan melindungi bayi daripada pelbagai penyakit infeksi bakteria, virus, parasit dan kulat. Antibodi membantu sistem imuniti tubuh mengenali dan menghancurkan patogen seperti COVID-19. Semua ibu yang pulih daripada COVID-19 memiliki antibodi untuk COVID-19 dalam susu mereka. Antibodi ini sangat baik dalam melawan penyakit yang menyerang lapisan paru-paru seperti COVID-19. Wanita yang menghidap COVID-19 boleh menyusukan bayi dan virus ini tidak dapat dikesan pada susu ibu. Penyusuan yang selamat harus mengikuti kebersihan pernafasan dengan baik, melakukan kontak kulit ke kulit untuk bayi yang baru lahir, berkongsi bilik dengan bayi mereka, mencuci tangan sebelum dan selepas menyentuh bayi, dan menjaga semua permukaan agar bersih.

Salgının (Covid-19) Sosyal Etkileri: Dinî Düşünce ve Hayata Yansımaları (Afyonkarahisar Örneği)

Bu çalışma, içinde bulunduğumuz 21. yüzyılda küresel dünyada insanlığın şahit olduğu en büyük salgın afetlerden olan Covid-19'un, toplumların ve bireylerin dini düşünce ve yaşantıya etkilerini Afyonkarahisar örneğinde ele almaktadır. Çalışma salgınla birlikte ortaya çıkan olay, olgu ve sorunların toplumların ve bireylerin dini düşünce ve yaşantısına olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, salgın süreci ve sonrasında bireysel veya sosyal açıdan ortaya çıkan davranış ve düşünce değişiklerini ele almaktadır. Yani araştırmada salgının sosyal ve duygusal etkilerine odaklanılmıştır. Giriş ve sonuç kısmı dışında iki bölümden oluşan araştırmanın birinci bölümünde, tarihi süreç içerisinde salgınlar ve özellikle Covid-19 salgınının ortaya çıkışı ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca salgının Türkiye'deki seyri, toplumsal hayata etkileri ve alınan önlemler üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bölümde daha çok güncel veriler ve değişkenler üzerinde konu genişletilmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise salgının dini ve sosyal boyutu 32 katılımcı ile yapılan derinlemesine mülakatlar sonucunda ulaşılan bulgular çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde daha çok dini göstergeler üzerinden hareket edilmiştir.Alternate : This study deals with the effects of Covid-19, which is one of the biggest epidemic disasters witnessed by humanity in the global world in the 21st century, on there ligious thoughtand life of societies andindividuals in the example of Afyonkarahisar. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of events, phenomen on and problems that emerged with the epidemic on there ligiousthoughtand life of societies and individuals. There search deals with the individual or social changes in behavior and thought during and after the epidemic. In other words, there search focused on the social and emotional effects of the epidemic. In the first part of there search, which consists of two parts apart from the introduction and conclusion part, epidemics in the historical process and especially the emergence of the Covid-19 epidemic are discussed. In addition, the course of the epidemic in Turkey, its effects on social life and the measure staken are emphasized. In this section, the subject has been expanded on mostly current data and variables. In the last part of the study, there ligious and social dimensions of the epidemic were examined with in the frame work of the findings obtained as a result of in-depthinter views with 32 participants. In this section, mostly religious indicators have been actedupon.

The Pengurusan Kewangan Islam: Ke Arah Kesejahteraan Kewangan Institusi Keluarga di Malaysia Semasa Pandemik Covid-19

Pengurusan kewangan Islam merupakan satu aspek penting dalam institusi keluarga muslim. Pengurusannya yang patuh patuh syariah, tersusun dan sistematik harus dirancang dan dilakukan bagi mencapai matlamat kewangan lestari dalam institusi keluarga muslim. Kepentingan ini makin mendesak dikala seluruh manusia kini terpaksa berdepan dengan krisis kesihatan yang parah akibat pandemik Covid-19 yang melanda. Dilaporkan 60% rakyat Malaysia hanya mempunyai jumlah simpanan yang boleh bertahan selama 6 bulan sahaja jika berlaku kecemasan atau kehilangan pendapatan. Dan hanya 10.8% sahaja dalam kalangan masyarakat yang mampu bertahan jika berlaku situasi kecemasan terhadap ketua keluarga seperti kehilangan pekerjaan, hilang upaya atau kematian. Sedangkan pandemik Covid-19 yang sedang melanda dalam negara menuntut kepada persediaan kewangan keluarga yang sangat kukuh untuk berhadapan dengan suasana yang tidak dijangka semasa tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) dan tempoh darurat (lockdown). Justeru itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan beberapa isu yang timbul kesan daripada salahurus kewangan dalam institusi keluarga muslim serta cadangan yang relevan untuk berhadapan dengan pandemik Covid-19 menurut perspektif pengurusan kewangan Islam. Metode kajian ini adalah berbentuk kajian kualitatif deskriptif, iaitu Kajian kepustakaan menerusi rujukan buku-buku, artikel jurnal, kertas persidangan dan kajian ilmiah. Rujukan ini merupakan data primer kepada kajian ini. Selain itu, maklumat daripada hasil temubual pakar yang sedia ada melalui program-program ilmiah juga dijadikan rujukan dalam data kajian ini. Kajian mendapati hanya Institusi keluarga yang mempunyai kekuatan pendapatan dan minimum perbelanjaan yang disokong oleh tadbirurus kewangan yang sistematik mengikut sistem pengurusan kewangan Islam mampu bertahan dan boleh berhadapan dengan situasi pandemik Covid-19. Islamic financial management is an important aspect of Muslim family institution. Its Shariah -compliant, organized and systematic management should be planned and practiced to achieve sustainable financial goals in Muslim family institutions. This interest is increasingly urgent when all people are now having to deal with a severe health crisis due to the covid-19 pandemic. It is reported that 60% of Malaysians have only 6 months of savings in the event of an emergency or loss of income. And only 10.8% in the community have an ability to survive in the event of an emergency situation for family heads such as loss of employment, disability or death. While the Covid-19 pandemic in the country is demanding a strong family financial preparation to deal with an unexpected atmosphere during the Movement Control Order (MCO) and the Lockdown period. Therefore, this article aims to discuss some of the issues that arise from financial misunderstandings in Muslim family institutions as well as relevant proposals to face Covid-19 pandemics according to Islamic financial management perspectives. The method of this study is in the form of descriptive qualitative studies, namely library studies through book reference, journal articles, conference papers and scientific studies. This reference is a primary data for this study. In addition, information from existing expert interviews through scientific programs is also referred to as the data of this study. Studies have found that only family institutions with income strength and minimum expenditure supported by systematic financial management according to the Islamic financial management system have survived and can face the Covid-19 pandemic situation.

Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinde Engellilere Yönelik Uzaktan Yaygın Din Eğitimi

Bu araştırma, Diyanet Íşleri Başkanlığı bünyesinde görev yapan din görevlilerinin Covid-19 (Koronavirüs) salgın sürecinde işitme engelli bireylere sunmuş oldukları din eğitimi ve uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki görüşleri ile teknolojik araç-gereçleri kullanma yeterliklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yönteminin tercih edildiği betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu ve çoktan seçmeli soruları içeren anket kullanılmıştır. Anket, 2019-2020 öğretim yılı bahar yarıyılında işitme engellilere uzaktan din eğitimi veren din görevlileri evreninde kasti örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiş 38 din görevlisine uygulanmıştır. Anket formlarından elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi Google Forms ve Microsoft Excel programı ile yapılmıştır. Öğreticilerin farklı illerde yaşıyor olmaları ve Covid-19 salgını, uygulamanın uzaktan yapılmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularından işitme engellilere sunulan din eğitiminin 8 yıldır sistemli bir şekilde devam ettiği;uzaktan eğitim konusunda öğreticilerin tecrübelerinin yeterli olmadığı;salgın öncesinde genç işitme engellilerin Kur'an kurslarına yeteri kadar katılım sağlamadığı;salgın sürecinde yetişkin işitme engellilerin iletişim eksikliği, aile desteği, teknolojik imkânsızlıklar, uzaktan eğitimde başarısız olunacağı ile ilgili önyargı ve ders saatlerindeki yetersizlikten dolayı uzaktan din eğitimine çok fazla ilgi göstermediği;ücretsiz olması ve kullanım kolaylığından dolayı whatsapp uygulamasının eğitimlerde en sık kullanılan uygulama olduğu;salgın döneminde uzaktan eğitim yoluyla verilen din eğitiminde yaşanan problemlerin sebepleri olarak uzaktan eğitim imkânları, materyal yetersizliği, ailelerin ve işitme engellilerin ilgisi olduğu vb. tespitler yapılmıştır.Alternate : This research aims to present, the viewpoint of the Qur'an course instructors and religious officials who work for Presidency of Religious Affairs, on religious education and distance learning and their competence in using technological tools and equipment during covid-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. The research is a descriptive study that prefer the quantitative method. In the research findings obtained through a survey contains both open ended and multiple-choice questions. The survey was applied to 38 religious officials that chosen by deliberate sampling method from the Presidency of Religious Affairs' instructors universe that were educating people with hearing impaired in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. Statistical analysis of the datas obtained from survey were done via Google Forms and Microsoft Excel. Due to the facts that the instructors are living in different cities and Covid-19 pandemic made it obligatory to implement the research distance. The determination have been done according to the research findings are: the religious education offered to the hearing impaired has continued for 8 years in a systematic way, the experience of the instructors are insufficient about distance education, before the epidemic the youngs with hearing impaired didn't attend Qur'an courses sufficiently, during the epidemic the adults with hearing impaired didn't show much interest in distance learning due to the reasons;lack of communication, family support, technological impossibilities, prejudice about failure in distance education and inadequate course hours. (baglaclı bir cumleden sonra virgule devam etmek anlam kaymasına sebep olabilir diye cumleyi böldüm) Moreover, due to the whatsapp application's freeness and ease of use it was the most frequently used application and the reasons for the problems experienced in distance religous education during the pandemic are;distance education opportunities (imkanları demişsiniz ama sanki imkansızlıkları demek istemişsiniz, yani impossibilities), lack of materials and interest of both families and people with hearing impaired are the other determinations have been done by the research.

Living in a Democracy as a Fallen People: A REVIEW ESSAY

Rather, it would be more correct to say that Donald Trump found a ready audience for nationalism and postliberal thinking in the United States and rode a seemingly unlikely wave into the White House by semi-miraculously navigating the twists and turns of the Electoral College. COVID-19, of course, has proved to be a breeding ground of predominantly right-wing conspiracy theories, including regarding vaccines even though they were the result of a Trump-led program. [...]he made an argument that Vice President Mike Pence would be able to refuse to certify the election results. Tocqueville approached democracy as a young aristocrat from a family that had suffered in the French Revolution.

Educational Integration of Refugee Children in Malaysia A Scoping Review

Malaysia is among the biggest hosts of refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) in Southeast Asia, of whom the majority are Rohingya Muslims. In Malaysia, RAS children are not allowed to enroll in public schools and therefore rely on a non-formal parallel education system that comprises learning centers run by refugee communities, NGOs, andfaith-based organizations. To date, little research is available on initiatives that attempt to integrate RAS children into Malaysian society through education. This study aims to gather evidence on the current situation of RAS children's education in Malaysia and answer the following questions: (a) what is the current state of evidence? and (b) to what extent has existing research/evidence addressed the question of RAS children integration into the national education system? We conducted a scoping review that gathers and summarizes findings from existing studies using a specific strategy: selection ofkeywords and systematic search through online databases, followed by screening of papers based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our findings showed that the overall body of evidence is small, with most studies describing the challenges and barriers faced by RAS children in accessing formal/non-formal and quality education. There was little focus and discussion on integrating RAS children into the national education system, which perhaps is due to the underlying assumption that Malaysia remains a transit country for RAS, and not a destination for permanent settlement.

A Case Study of University Students' Performance in Arabic and Islamic Culture Courses Before and During the Pandemic (Face-to-Face and Online Instruction)

In the present study, we examined whether students' academic success in courses devoted to Arabic and Islamic culture changed when the familiar face-to-face delivery format (before the Covid-19 pandemic) was discarded in favor ofan online synchronous delivery format (during the pandemic). The final class grades of students enrolled in one of four courses in a sequence devoted to Arabic culture and religion were compared while holding constant the variable instructor. The ability of early performance indicators to predict final class grades was also examined to assess whether there were differences between instructional deliveries. Superior performance and lower failure rates were observed online for courses at the beginning of the sequence, but not at the end of the sequence. These findings suggest that the impact of instructional delivery might vary depending on the students' accumulated academic experience.